Damak, located in the Jhapa District of Koshi Province, is a dynamic and rapidly urbanizing municipality in southeastern Nepal. Known for its ethnic diversity, fertile plains, and strategic location on the East-West Highway, Damak has emerged as a center of commerce, education, agriculture, and cross-border trade.

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Quick Facts about Damak

• Province: Koshi Province

• District: Jhapa

• Municipality Type: Sub-Metropolitan City

• Elevation: ~100–120 meters above sea level

• Population (2021 Census): ~140,000+

• Languages Spoken: Nepali, Rajbanshi, Limbu, Maithili, Tharu, English

• Key Highway: Mahendra Highway (East-West Highway)

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Geographic and Strategic Importance

Damak is located about 23 km west of Birtamod and around 65 km from the Indian border at Kakarbhitta, making it a key stop along Nepal’s busiest highway corridor. The fertile land and flat terrain of Terai region give Damak a strong agricultural foundation.

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Historical Context

Damak was once a quiet agricultural village but gained prominence following the establishment of the Bhutanese refugee camps in the 1990s. The area has since evolved into a modern urban municipality, incorporating populations from diverse ethnic and linguistic backgrounds.

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Key Attractions in and Around Damak

1. Pathibhara Temple, Damak

Not to be confused with the famous Pathibhara in Taplejung, this local Pathibhara Temple offers spiritual comfort and panoramic views of the surrounding plains.

2. Ratuwa River

Flowing through the municipality, the Ratuwa Khola offers scenic riverbanks and is a place for family outings, short hikes, and fishing activities.

3. Gauradaha Lake and Gokul Park (Nearby)

Located within reach of Damak, these natural attractions are developing as local eco-tourism sites for relaxation and leisure.

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Economy and Livelihood

Damak has a diverse economic base:

• Agriculture: Rice, maize, vegetables, and fruits

• Trade and Business: Growing commercial center serving surrounding rural municipalities

• Remittances: Many residents work abroad (Gulf countries, Malaysia, etc.)

• Small-Scale Industries: Brick factories, mills, furniture workshops, etc.

It also has a significant financial services network, with major banks and cooperatives operating in the city.

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Education and Healthcare

Damak is considered an educational hub of eastern Nepal, attracting students from neighboring districts.

Key Institutions:

• Damak Multiple Campus (affiliated with Tribhuvan University)

• Mechi Multiple Campus

• Damak Model School

• Purbanchal University-affiliated colleges

Healthcare Facilities:

• Lifeline Hospital

• Damak Hospital

• Numerous private clinics and diagnostic centers

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Social and Cultural Diversity

Damak is home to an impressive ethnic mix, including:

• Rai

• Limbu

• Brahmin

• Chhetri

• Rajbanshi

• Tharu

• Tamang

• Bhutanese refugees (now resettled globally)

This diversity is reflected in the celebration of Dashain, Tihar, Udhauli, Maghi, Chhath, Holi, and other cultural festivals.

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Transportation and Access

• By Road: Located directly on the Mahendra Highway, with easy access to Birtamod, Itahari, and Biratnagar

• Nearest Airport: Bhadrapur Airport (~45 km away), with flights to Kathmandu

• Public Transport: Buses, microbuses, tempos, and ride-sharing services are widely available

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Development Highlights

• Damak Smart City Plan under discussion

• Expansion of industrial zones and business centers

• Growing investment in real estate and infrastructure

• Improvement of road, drainage, and electricity networks

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Fun Trivia

• Damak once hosted one of the largest Bhutanese refugee camps in the world, with over 100,000 residents at its peak.

• The town is known for delicious local food, especially Sel Roti, Yomari, and local fish dishes.

• Damak’s nickname, “Mini Nepal”, comes from its diverse mix of ethnic communities living in harmony.

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Final Thoughts

Damak represents a unique blend of tradition and transformation. As a growing sub-metropolitan city in eastern Nepal, it offers a thriving economy, rich cultural diversity, and strategic importance for trade and transit. Whether you’re interested in exploring off-the-beaten-path urban life, investing in a fast-growing city, or just passing through on the Mahendra Highway, Damak is a place full of energy, opportunity, and community spirit.